To What Extent Was the Constitution a Radical Departure from the Articles of Confederation

Question: To what extent was the Constitution a radical departure from the Articles of Confederation? Thesis: Due to the fact that the Articles of Confederation were causing problems, the U. S. adopted the Constitution that solved the problems in the weak government including no executive control and no way to levy or collect taxes. I. On example of how the Constitution differed from the Articles of Confederation is the setup of their government a. Houses in Congress i. Articles of Confederation of 1777 had one-house congress 1.Weak government a. When the government was created, people were afraid of a strong government like England had. The government became very weak because of that. i. No executive branch; no president/leader 1. Colonists were afraid of the president turning into a king. 2. After Shay’s Rebellion and other rebellions, people realized that they needed someone to govern them. a. Shays rebellion was a rebellion caused by the government forcing people to go to jail if they were in debt b. ,000 men marched to Worcester where they closed down the commonwealth’s Supreme Court and then marched to Springfield where they broke in and freed imprisoned debtors. c. Massachusetts asked Congress for help but legally, there was not much Congress to do to relieve them. Noting, a greater authority in the central government is necessary ii. No judiciary; no courts iii. ALL power went to legislative b. Government couldn’t tax the states or individuals iv. Individuals were still only subject to their states and hadn’t had an interest in a national government c.Thomas Paine’s Common Sense v. Widely read, Paine argued how it never did any good for Americans to be subjects under a King and how they are strong enough to create an independent republic. ii. Constitution 2. Constitutional Convention in 1787 in Philadelphia was where people met to start creating and drafting a constitution d. After Shay’s Rebellion, it was notic ed that a strong central government was needed e. America was in debt after the war, we needed someone in charge to clear up the debt. i. Taxation is now allowed in the Constitution but taxation was not allowed under the Articles of Confederation. 3. Strong government f. Could tax individuals vii. Individuals were now subject to their state government as well as the national government viii. Taxes were enforced 3. Helped pay off war debt g. Checks and balances ix. Representation in Congress 4. Great Compromise d. Exactly 2 Senators from each state were chosen (in favor of the smaller states- equal representation) e.House of Representatives from each state were chosen based upon population (in favor of smaller states- population) x. Branches (legislative, executive, and judicial) 5. They were separate, and each checked on the other branch to make sure it is running efficiently Conclusion: The Constitution was created to fix the governmental problems that the Articles of Confederation failed to do. It was essential for the U. S. to depart from the Articles of Confederation because of the weak government it had created, there was no executive branch/leader, and Legislature was prohibited to levy or collect taxes.

A Light to My Path

A Light to My Path by Lynn Austin parallels the stories of two people, beginning with their realization of slavery. Anna only has vague memories of her parents, of a dream that fades into a nightmare that she can’t remember the end. When she pretends to be a kitten for Missy Claire, the plantation owner’s daughter, Anna is taken into the big house and dubbed Kitty. Grady has only known life with his mama and playing with Missy Caroline (from A Candle in the Darkness) when he’s sold away from the Fletcher plantation.He serves a slave trader for many years before managing to be gambled away to a kinder owner, Massa Fuller. When Massa Fuller begins calling on Miss Claire, Grady and Kitty’s paths cross. The pretty, naive artist intrigues Grady, but his hatred for anyone white clashes with her subservient attitude. Though Missy Claire treats her like an animal, Kitty is wholly devoted to the only person who’s shown her even the barest scrap of affection. The Civil War begins shortly after their owners marry.Grady sees this as the perfect opportunity for escape, but Kitty is terrified of the idea. Which will win, her love for Grady or her fear? And Grady must choose between his hatred and the Jesus he believed in as a child. Blending breathtaking historical detail with intriguing characters, Lynn Austin crafts a deep tale with important spiritual truths. The Refiner’s Fire series, which can be read in any order, will have the most appeal to women, even for those who don’t prefer books set during the Civil War.Pick up A Light to My Path and prepare for a soulful escape to the past. — Katie Hart, Christian Book Previews. com Book Jacket: This powerful conclusion to Lynn Austin's REFINER'S FIRE series brings to a close one of the most acclaimed sagas in Christian fiction ever. Each of the first two novels won Christy Awards for Historical Fiction. Now Austin completes her trilogy with a dramatic examination of the Civil War through a slave's perspective. Riveting, eloquent, and gripping as all of her previous works, it's the conclusion for which you've been waiting.

Measurement Of Crime And Measuring Crime - 2376 Words

Measurement of Crime Mosher, Miethe, and Hart (2011) note censuses were perhaps the earliest example of social measurement, and were used principally to conclude the number of males available to fight in the military, as well for tax purposes. The census taking then emerged to the establishment of a statistical database that served to analyze social and economic trends, and even develop policies in some instances. Officially, based on judicial data, the first national crime statistics were published in France in 1827, which covered data of the year 1825. They were a part of the moral statistics movement that surfaced in many Western nations during the 1800s (Mosher et. al, 2011). This initiation of the moral statistics movement led to the desire to undertake the complicated assignment of measuring crime. Measuring crime has been and will continue to be a tough task to perform. Despite the difficult mission, throughout the years many approaches and methods have been introduced to try and account for all c riminal occurrences. Furthermore, there have been a few major actors that played a vital role in assessing crime, that have led to today’s innovative methods of measuring crime more efficiently. Vital Actors in the Measurement of Crime As mentioned previously, the first crime statistics were published in France in 1827, and Adolphe Quetelet was one of the first actors to attempt to explain crime rates and measure social phenomena statistically (Mosher et. al, 2011). QueteletShow MoreRelated3 Types of Crime Measurement1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthree types of measurement. Uniform Crime Reports, victimization surveys and self report studies all have similar purposes of concluding the trends in different crimes and suggesting the attention of problematic issues. Although, theses types of crime measurement all have the same aim, results vary tremendously between them. Each type of measurement is conducted by a different group that hold their own techniques of gathering information. In the United States, the Uniform Crime Report has beenRead MoreMeasuring Crime Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesMeasuring Measuring Crime Crime measurement and statistics for police departments are very important when it comes to money allotment, staffing needs or termination and it is also used to determine the effectiveness of new laws and programs. There are three tools used to measure major crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Reports, National Crime Victimization Survey and the National Incident BasedRead MoreCareer and Work: Cesare Beccaria1219 Words   |  5 Pagesthe support of this claim is the definition of the term criminologist which is simply a person who studies the inter-workings and ramifications of crime, and its effect on the penal and social systems in place. In this respect, Beccaria advanced a number of notions that were fairly revolutionary for his time, and which helped to refine analysis of crime and the penal justice system and their relationship with society to a science. Because of this fact, and the strong influence that the authors tenetsRead More The Distinction Between Crime and De viance Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pages Crime statistics exist entirely to measure levels of crime inside society; so, the purpose of this essay is to illustrate whether or not the statistical data on crime and deviance provides a true measurement of criminal occurrences in British society. The distinction between crime and deviance is going to be explored and a clear understanding of how they differentiate from each other will be gained. The terms Formal and Informal social control will be identified and their differences determinedRead MoreMeasuring Crime1070 Words   |  5 PagesMeasuring Crime in the United States Kyra Pettit CJA/204 August 5, 2013 Dr. Wafeeq Sabir Measuring Crime in the United States In the following paper, these criminal justice students will address the three major points of crime measurement in the United States. Even though there may be changes of crime statistics, but not changes in the crime rate; that is because crime can be measured in numerous ways. Two measuring systems being the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and UniformRead MoreThe Examination Of Crime And Crime1146 Words   |  5 Pageshouseholds about crimes committed against them. In 2011, about 143,000 individuals that were 12 years or older were interviewed from a total of 80,000 households (Barkan 2014:43). Some strengths of this measurement would be that it includes contexts of the crimes, victim characteristics, and more accurate estimates of crime than the UCR. Weaknesses of this measurement of crime would be that it ignores white-collar crime, and it has a dark figure of crime. This includes hidden crimes not shown in theRead MoreThe Decision Making Of Criminal Justice Actors806 Words   |  4 Pagesquantitative data methods on violent crime rates. Qualitative data is able to bring out factors at the individual level that may not seem significant on a macro level with lots of detail. While quantitative data used in the Kane (2005) study is able to analyze large data. These two different methods brought out important but different perspectives into discretion research. Kane (2005) used a macro level approach to look at police legitimacy and predicting violent crime. The researcher used consistentRead MoreThe s Message Of Hope And Salvation1225 Words   |  5 PagesMany social issues leave cause for concern, however, the church’s message of hope and salvation in Jesus should not be lost amid the immoral social issues and behaviors in the world today. Social problems like racism, unemployment, starvation, and crime are not new phenomenon. They did not just start in the year 2016. This paper will address two questions that are prevalent in today’s culture. The first is, â€Å"What are the short-comings of official criminal statistics?† The second is also quiteRead MoreCrime And Its Measurement Of Crime1675 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion focuses on crime and its measurement which is one of the most controversial topics in modern times. There has been a lot of debates by politicians, the media and the general public whether c rime is falling or rising. We shall attempt a definition of what is crime, what are crime statistics, what is known and not known about crime in England and Wales, the techniques used in measuring crime, and the evaluation of the strength and weaknesses of the different ways of measuring crime. Our final discussionRead MoreGun Control in America1313 Words   |  6 Pageshas no right or wrong answer it is a preference of the individual. This is why gun control is such a fiercely debated topic. Implementing gun control Gun control cannot determine an accurate measurement according to research as there are two key components to the research lacking. What is the crime rate with no gun control? There is no documented research showing what the baseline is without gun control. Different government parties have each placed their own gun controls as a universal solution

The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe - 953 Words

Many people often dislike hearing scary noises in a desolated place where there is no one around. Any noise can be very frightful to the mind and to the heart. Our mind can sometimes create an image that does not exist and would essentially make anybody go crazy at the moment of hearing those scary noises. Edgar’s Poem, â€Å"The Raven’’, basically tells the story of a man that has lost everything including his beloved wife who he misses very much to the point of having hallucinations of the wind calling her name â€Å"Lenoreâ€Å". He experiences realism and fantasy with a raven that shows up in his chamber door. The person in the story appears to be alone in his house and depressed about the loss of his wife Lenore. Then, standing at the chamber door, a raven will respond to the narrator’s arguments with the word â€Å"Nevermore† making the story more allusive and suspenseful as it develops. Each time, the raven becomes more mysterious and it is scary to hear the raven say the word â€Å"nevermore†. The poem begins with the narrator’s sorrow of her lost Lenore. Trying to have some relief from his sorrow by reading a â€Å"quaint and curious volume of forgotten loreâ€Å". (688) â€Å"Vainly I had tried to borrow from my books surcease of sorrow-sorrow of the lost Lenore- for the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore†(688). The narrator tries to seek as much relief and comfort as he can but it becomes impossible, he will even try to think of the divine. He starts to think of ghosts, angelsShow MoreRelatedThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe849 Words   |  4 Pagesnarrator of The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe experiences this void after the loss of his love Lenore. The narrator is isolated from the world until a raven appears before him. The events and dialogue that follow are what makes The Raven such a legendary piece of literature. The gothic poem The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is an exampl e of repetition and shift. With the help of repetition and shift, Poe’s use of diction gives the reader clarity to the meaning of the poem. Nevermore, the answer the Raven gives theRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe (the Raven)1496 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poes The Raven Poes The Raven is not only an American classic, its a favorite of high school students around the world, as well as their teachers. That being said, its still poetry and therefore can be difficult to understand. Read this summary to review the contents and get a better understanding. * Stanzas: 1-2 Make everyone in class think youre really smart when you bust out everything youve learned in this summary: Stanza 1:  Its late. The poems speaker is tiredRead MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe1062 Words   |  5 PagesWritten by Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Raven† is a famous short poem known for the dark fantasy that it portrays. From the mindset of a first person narrative, one may experience the tale through the eyes of a haunted man who is in mourning for the death of his beloved Lenore. As this man sits in his chamber, within a dark and dreary December night, a â€Å"raven of the saintly days of yore† visits him. The raven is no ordinary bird, for it is like a ghost, silent, yet it answers every inquiry the man presentsRead MoreThe Raven by Edgar Allan Poe1334 Words   |  6 PagesCastro Professor Gary Smith English 1302 10/31/2012 Symbolism in â€Å"The Raven† Edgar Allan Poe was highly criticized throughout his life whether it was for his high achievements or his downfalls; he always seemed to be talked about. Poe was born in January 19, 1809; his mother died shortly after being abandoned by his father leaving him and his brothers’ orphans at an early age. Poe was taken by John and Francis Allan. With the help of his foster parents he was later able to attend the UniversityRead MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe964 Words   |  4 Pages Essay 1 In the poem â€Å"The Raven†, Edgar Allan Poe expresses a current state of drunkenness, drug use, and depression as existing in a dark and dreary prison like setting, tormented by the memories of a lost love. Poe’s literary career was undoubtedly influenced by the many tragedies he suffered in his life. These misfortunes are evident in the correlation between his characters in his writings and real life events. It is clear that Poe had a problematic life from a young age; he struggled with mentalRead MoreThe Raven, By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pagesprominent writer of the horror fiction genre would be Edgar Allan Poe, well known for writing The Raven, who would be the most recognizable and most established horror writer. Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston on January 19, 1809 and was the middle child of three children. At the age of 3, both of his parents died and was then taken in by a tobacco merchant by the name of John Allan in Richmond, Virginia. John Allan wanted Poe to be a businessman but Edgar was by no means a businessman. By the age of 13Read MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe1157 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Raven† is a fictional poem written by Edgar Allan Poe in which the audience witnesses the narrator’s gradual change from a weary scholar to grieving lover. While falling asleep, he suddenly hears a tap at his chamber door. In alarm, the scholar tries to reason with himself and explain away the soft tapping. Eventually, he gains courage, opens the door, and finds it void of anyone. The narrator immediately wonders if it is perhaps his lost love, Lenore waiting for him, yet the only answer toRead MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pages The poem I selected is â€Å"The Raven† written by popular American writer, Edgar Allan Poe. I chose this poem because of previous memories of reading several of Edgar Allan Poe’s writings. I remember in 8th grade when my teacher introduced the whole class to a short story called â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†. I loved the poem a lot, I liked how gory, detailed, and interesting it was. It went perfectly for the time of year it was, which was October. Soon after we were done reading the poem, the whole grade wentRead MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe945 Words   |  4 Pageshad to experience hardly any grief in my life. Everyone is different which results in everyone having their own way that they deal with grief. The way that Edgar Allan Poe describes grief and the way that Emily Dickinson describes grief is both different and similar. Poe’s famous poem titled â€Å"The Raven† is a great example of how Edgar Allan Poe writes about grief. The poem is about the grief of the narrator during the loss of the love of his life, Lenore. The narrator’s opening statement in theRead MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe1900 Words   |  8 Pagesall expectations and thoughts on poetry. His name is Edgar Allan Poe. He brought a lot more to the scene than just poetry, and that is what he is well known for. His poetry was more than just writing; they were dark stories that somehow resembled to him in some way. He wrote great works such as, â€Å"Eldorado†, â€Å"A Dream†, and â€Å"Alone.† All of those poems are great, but there is two that stand out far greater than all of them: â€Å"Annabel Lee† and â€Å"The Raven.† They share a similar story-line, but different popularity

Comparing Chesapeake and New England Bay Colonies Essay

Comparing Chesapeake and New England Bay Colonies Curiosity and bravery led the English to discover the nations of America. These strong willed Europeans, determined to find to a new world, set out with high hopes and ambitions. Settling a variety of colonies along the coast of North America, the English were among the first true pioneers. After several expeditions and ships loads of emigrants, the English had a divergence of reasons for departing Europe for America. The settlers of the Chesapeake and New England colonies, were foreigners to the land, established two exceptional but contrary societies due to the diversity of English citizens. Chesapeake and New England colonies, although from the same English background,†¦show more content†¦Since they could resist him as a spiritual leader and then would certainly defy as a political leader as well. Therefore, King James I menaced then out of the land. Compelled to sail to America in search of religious toleration these English soon founded Plymouth colony. They were separatist known as pilgrims, settled the land in strong belief that they would be free of religious prosecution. Coming to America for entirely opposite motivations, cause these two colonies began to contrast from the very start. Controlling the colonies dealing with separate perspectives on life, Governor John Winthrop of the Massachusetts Bay colony (part of New England) and Governor William Berkley of the Virginia colony (part of Chesapeake) had a difference in views on the upraising of a community. According to John Winthrop all people are equal; the rich, the poor, the mean, and the powerful. With God at the center of the New England colony, the pilgrims believed in working together as one for the glory of God, where the colonist at Chesapeake believed that one man could be better then another. In 1630 while Governor Winthrop was aboard the Arbella he writes that the community needs to uphold a fellowship together. Their unity should be abided by one spirit of peace for everyone is a worthy servant of Christ. On the other hand Governor Berkeley viewpoint was quite varied form that of Winthrop’s. In a statement to hisShow MoreRelatedComparing And Contrasting Colonial America1532 Words   |  7 PagesKristen Schimmoller Dr. Kenneth Shefsiek History 105 2 October 2014 Comparing and Contrasting Colonial America In the seventeenth century, colonial America was categorized into three major regions; New England, the Middle Colonies, and the South. Each region provided various opportunities and breakthrough ideas that created a distinct economic, cultural, and political society different from any other region. These ideas became the beginning of some prominent themes and beliefs Americans seeRead MoreThe Similarities between the Movie The New World and John Smiths Writing2117 Words   |  9 PagesI have to do a 1000 word comparative and contrast essay on the new worlddirected by Taerrence malik and the John Smiths writtings with six elements of stories, plot stucture, character, setting, point of view, symbolism, and theme... Can you help me due tommorow thanks Soila Cordova Mr. Marquart 20 June 2012 The New World The movie, â€Å"The New World† is a drama-romantic film by Terrence Malick which has many similarities to Smith’s writings however there is also some differences.Read MoreAmerican Spirit Volume I3787 Words   |  16 PagesThe ^American Spirit United States History as Seen by Contemporaries Ninth Edition Volume I: To 1877 Houghton Mifflin Company Boston New YorkContents 1 2 Preface xxi New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.-A.D.1769 1 A. The Native Americans 1 1. Visualizing the New World (1505, 1509) 1 2. Juan Gines de Sepulveda Belittles the Indians (1547) 3 3. Bartoleme de Las Casas Defends the Indians (1552) 4 B. The Spanish in America 6 1. Hernan Cortes Conquers Mexico (1519-1526) 6 2. Aztec Chroniclers Describe the

Project Management Planning and Control Techniques Model

Question: Discuss about the Project Management for Planning and Control Techniques Model. Answer: Introduction The current projects are large, complex, and risky. Project management plays a significant role towards an organizations success. Project methodologies are models used by managers in the designing, planning, implementation, and achievement of project goals. Project methodologies have strategic, tactical, and operational benefits to an organization (Burke, 2013, p. 100). Queensland Rail Limited operates in Australia and is registered for undertaking business by the corporation's act of 2001. The essay will be based on the engineering and construction domain where Queensland Rail Limited is involved. In the engineering and construction field, tenders are given where interested parties apply to enter into the construction contracts. In this case, the open tender is about upgrading of the switchboard at the rail center 1 and the necessary security on the same offered as stated in the amended clauses. Project management methodologies lead to improved project performance and improved quality of standards (Heldman, 2015, p. 76). From this case study, choosing the most appropriate project management methodology makes a construction project flow. The case incorporates various technicalities of procurement and contracting sides when it comes to budgeting and execution. The management of Queensland Rail Limited needs to work with personal demands of the constructors, community, and other stakeholders to ensure that their project succeed. The purpose of this essay is to help students generate skills in the content and compilation of a contract, give learners an opportunity to consider the role of methodology for efficient work procedures, and enable learners to enhance their analysis of case studies with written communication skills. The essay will adequately demonstrate the methods used in Queensland Rail Limited case and its importance in project management. General Overview of Contract Terms From this case study, the major building and construction contract conditions of tendering include various parties. The agreement is entered into between the contractor and the winning bidder. The contractor refers to the entity contracting to execute the works while the tenderer is the entity submitting a tender. For the deal to occur, the principal (Queensland Rail Limited is involved as per the practices described in the tender documents. As per the methodology used by the contractor, all tenders which do not comply with the tender documents are rejected (Kerzner, 2013, p. 40). For the principal to access the tender and capability of the tenderer in completing the tenders satisfactorily, all bids are required to be accompanied with enough details and descriptions. Based on the Australian INR, all raw applications submitted to Queensland will be evaluated by best value for money. Other considerations conducted before awarding the construction tender include time to complete the wor k, tender price, history of the tenderer, quality assurance compliance, and full ownership costs. Construction Laws Change and complexity significantly affect Queensland Rail Limited (QRL) setting, and this prompts the management to be competitive, customer-oriented cost saving, and productive. The implementation of effective strategies is paramount to the success of QRL when it comes to tenders. The tender processes portrayed in this case illustrates the science of project management. To make contracts viable, the principal has amended the construction requirement laws in that under any circumstance that a tender is entered into by two contractees, they shall share the liabilities and obligations of the contract jointly (Meredith and Mantel Jr, 2011, p. 120). In this case, the project management methodology for the principal defines "bill of quantities" as the document that states the estimated amounts of the contract. All the works are carried out in business days and that whenever the principal has not paid the tenderer in time, he or she should file a payment claim hereof. Tender Openings The tender opportunities for QRL are advertised publicly and privately. Unlike the private domain, in public domain, the tenderers visit the company's openings of bids to get the verbal advice of the offer prices. The principal usually disclosed to the unsuccessful bidders the tendered price and name of the successful tenderer. The bids are required to be either variable or fixed as stated in the Annexure (Hong and Kwon, 2012, p. 455). Furthermore, the company's procurement act requires that only two forms of contracts will be acceptable, Lump sum or Schedule of rates and the partly lump sum or somewhat schedule of rates. Whenever the contract tendered is a lump sum or slightly lump sum, every tenderer is required to quote a price which shall complete the contract to satisfy the principal. Where the contract to be started is a schedule of rates or partly schedule of rates, the tenderers should state their prices deemed sufficient to complete the contract with tender documents and for the satisfaction of the principal (Potts and Ankrah, 2014, p. 50). In both cases, the principal, Queensland Rail Limited requires all tenderers to state the total price arrived at after summing up all the itemized amounts. Tendering Process Under this project methodology, QRL follows a project management lifecycle from initiation to closure, and this cycle enables managers in coming up with the administration processes and best practices (Porwal and Hewage, 2013, p. 210). In this tender case, the principal uses this process assignment across all tenders before giving a bid to the winning bidder. Initiation From this case, project initiation is conducted to sponsor the competitive bidding process and ensure a precise ongoing project governance. This phase plays a critical role in the management since all stakeholders in the contract are given a substantial head start of securing the tender success (Lou and Alshawi, 2010, p. 106). During the initiation stage, the principal (QRL), agrees to the project's goal while the contractor and tenderers explain why they need to be part of the project. All the potential risks are identified, proper time frames are established, and definition of efficient communication lines between the tenderers and the principle gets established. Planning Construction planning remains to be a significant and challenging operation in the management and establishment of construction projects. This involves the precise creation of tender tasks, definition of the needed resources, and the estimated time duration required for the execution of procurement contract (Lou and Alshawi, 2010, p. 100). In this case study, the construction tender requires valuable organizational decisions in the analysis of the competitive bidding process and the implications it has to Queensland in the long run. The management has ensured accurate record keeping as far as tender budgets information is concerned. Executing This requires the introduction of the project execution plan (PEP) which states the policies and procedures outlined by the principle (QRL) for the project sponsor's approval. In our case study for Queensland, there are terms indicated in the contract as per what the parties should do to ensure that the objectives and goals of the agreement gets met. The tender documents for subcontract assignments comprise all contract terms applicable and issued by the principle in the specification (Sodhi Son, and Tang, 2012, p. 5). The terms require that all services layout provided in the tender program shall be taken reasonably precise for the particular offer. From this case, the manager is required to post requests for pre-qualified architects to bid on the work available. Based on the fees and submission of necessary documents, tenders are awarded. Monitoring and controlling The monitoring and control of the procurement process start with planning and ends with the project closure. This case study shows that the management use cost engineering, cost control, and forecasting as the primary tools for monitoring the tender process. The management involves contractors, tenderers, and the principle in the analysis of project processes and tools used in planning so as to come up with mitigative strategies of minimizing risks and delay claims (Petkova, 2009, p. 220). By the use of project management manual tools and techniques, the project manager in QRL can manage budget updates, project safety, risk management, schedule updates, and communication with all stakeholders appropriately. Closing From the findings in the case, the closure of the tender process in a construction contract is not a straightforward process. The closure of a project remains as relevant to project management just as its initiation. The end of the project makes an organization cease from consuming unnecessary resources. In this case, the termination of the procurement contract between the tenderer and the principal arises only when one party violates both specific and general conditions of the contract (Kelly, Male, and Graham, 2014, p. 90). Based on the contractor's investigations, interpretations, information, deductions, and determinations about the contractees inability to enter into a contract leads to final closure of the tender. Tender Documents The contract documents for the subcontract to be given by the tenderer comprise the terms and conditions of the tender applicable to it as provided by Queensland and its specifications. All sections of this specification need to be studied about all other sections and requirements in the contract documentation (Verzuh, 2015, p. 99). All the conditions of the contract are issued by the principal with time specifications of the tender in addition to the conditions portrayed in the specification. For example, for drawing 9208.2/E1- whose title is rail center 1 new primary switchborad=schematic arrangement implies that the service layout is taken as significantly accurate for tender purposes only. Any other measurement and relevant information in undertaking all work portions are obtained from the job site before beginning the construction works. Scope of Work by the Contractor The contractor in the tender is responsible for the supply and installation of switch appliances, labor, cartage, tools, plant, fixings, and support systems for the work. From the case, in the opinion of the principle, when neither the drawings nor the specifications mention minor items which are deemed to be reasonable and necessary before the superintendent, it is satisfactory to terminate the work (Winch, 2010, p. 80). For example, the work to be conducted by the contractor includes alteration of the existing ATS panel of QTL, certify work before possible closure, supply and install new active power regulators, and tests all done work for defects validity confirmation. Pre and Post Tender Requirements From this case, all pre and post tender requirements get in force only when they do not conflict with any other terms of work issued by the principle during the tender time. The contractor is required to be well familiarized with tender site inspection to plan for tenderers the opportunity to inspect and document the condition of construction site Doloi, Iyer, and Sawhney, 2011, p. 690). The contractor should have carefully examined all documents of the contract and the location at the time of tender to gain extra information necessary to complete the project. Further, this project's methodology requires that the work is undertaken in a manner that conforms to the program submitted by the contractor. For example, the application must define the full details of the staging of the works as well as the proposed data delivery of new APR to the work sites. Conforming and Alternative Tenders The principal requires the tenderers to lodge with hum alternative bid except where options are not allowed by the contract for the part of works (Mohemad, 2010, p. 2000). In the annexure, Queensland Rail Limited require all tenderers to include a separate section in tenders that indicates compliance with the clause. The bidder may submit an alternative tender where a significant variation from the specification is proposed. Tender Withdrawal The terms and conditions of the contract state that tenders are withdrawable at a particular time before closure of bids by notice in writing to the principal (Fewings, 2013, p.66). These proposals will be set aside for unopened collection by the tenderer after signing for the tenders even before the award of the contract. Conclusion For project management to be successful, various tender processes are significant. Successful projects have clearly defined objectives, precise management process, and a proven set procurement tools. Project methodology carries both strengths and weaknesses. The administration should follow the most suitable project methodology so as to reap the maximum benefits. Suitable methods enable procurement managers design, plan, and implement their project's goals efficiently. Therefore, managers should employ the most appropriate project methodology that caters to the needs of the project being undertaken as per the industry domain. References Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Doloi, H., Iyer, K.C. and Sawhney, A., 2011. Structural equation model for assessing impacts of contractor's performance on project success.International Journal of Project Management,29(6), pp.687-695. Fewings, P., 2013.Construction project management: an integrated approach. Routledge. Heldman, K., 2015.PMP Project Management Professional Exam Deluxe Study Guide: Updated for the 2015 Exam. John Wiley Sons. Hong, P. and Kwon, H.B., 2012. Emerging issues of procurement management: a review and prospect.International Journal of Procurement Management 4,5(4), pp.452-469. Kelly, J., Male, S. and Graham, D., 2014.Value management of construction projects. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lou, E.C.W. and Alshawi, M., 2010. Critical success factors for e-tendering implementation in construction collaborative environments: people and process issues.Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon),14(10), pp.98-109. Meredith, J.R. and Mantel Jr, S.J., 2011.Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Mohemad, R., Hamdan, A.R., Othman, Z.A. and Noor, N.M.M., 2010. Decision support systems (DSS) in construction tendering processes.arXiv preprint arXiv:1004.3260. Petkova, V., Lockie, S., Rolfe, J. and Ivanova, G., 2009. Mining developments and social impacts on communities: Bowen Basin case studies.Rural Society,19(3), pp.211-228. Porwal, A., and Hewage, K.N., 2013. Building Information Modeling (BIM) partnering framework for public construction projects.Automation in Construction,31, pp.204-214. Potts, K. and Ankrah, N., 2014.Construction cost management: learning from case studies. Routledge. Sodhi, M.S., Son, B.G. and Tang, C.S., 2012. Researchers' perspectives on supply chain risk management.Production and operations management,21(1), pp.1-13. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Winch, G.M., 2010.Managing construction projects. John Wiley Sons.

Technological Environment Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airways Essay Example

Technological Environment Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airways Paper Besides, certain electronic devices must not be used on the aircraft at any time such as Bluetooth, Wi-If and remote controlled products but now customers can use bile data on the plane, which is called connect. 4 It provides limited network service to costumers. Moreover, its in-flight entertainment system offers video channels, audios, games and reading materials on demand system for First and Business class passengers. Cathy Pacific is exclusively showing popular Cantonese television drama series onboard from last year. It can attract new customers onto the plane to try the entertainment system onboard. The series, produced by leading local TV station Television Broadcasts Limited (TV), further enhance the entertainment selection available for passengers. To conclude, the information technology can improve internal and external communications, raise revenue, cut service costs and improve the quality of services. 2) Technological advancement on weather forecasting Weather change is one of the reasons that lead to increase costs of Cathy Pacific. It may causes damage of the fleet and waste of fuel because of the unpredictable climate change. Nowadays, airlines could move flight times to avoid storms since the technology of in-flight weather forecasting is getting more accurate continuously. The improvement of radar and other weather- sensing technology complements become more accuracy then before. Not only for 7-day weather forecasting, it can even sense that there is an airstreams instantaneously. Therefore, the pilots can adjust the route of the airline to avoid unnecessary damage, and assure the passengers that it is safe on their trip. ) Energy Use of Cathy Pacific Energy uses is one of the technological factors. Cathy Pacific is committed to promoting environmental protection and limiting carbon emissions by investing in technology. Nowadays, the fleet of Cathy Pacific is fuel-efficient but flying unavoidably release carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Cathy Pacific has participated in a voluntary programmer called Fly Greener. 5 Passengers who want to take part in this programmer may use cash to buy offset the carbon emissions of their flight. The online calculator will calculate the quantity of carbon emission is released by the passengers’ trip. The passenger can decide to pay for one flight only or make a lump sum contribution. We will write a custom essay sample on Technological Environment Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airways specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technological Environment Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airways specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technological Environment Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airways specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It shows that Cathy Pacific obey the polluter pays Renville to support environmental production. Moreover, those payments by passengers will be dedicated to Fly Greener for the improvement of the local environment. Although it raises the cost for limiting carbon emissions, it can show its good image to public. ) Waste management Since Cathy Pacific is committed to promoting environment protection, solid waste management and disposal is one of the most significant issues in the environmental management of the airline industry. Some of wastes come from in-flight catering service. However, Cathy Pacific is trying to do cycling and removal of waste management. For example, aluminum foils can be collected during food cart washing for recycling some Of the food waste would pass to the waste disposal factory to reprocess for animal feeds. ) Promotion Cathy Pacific makes use of hi-tech promotional method by moving its infilling magazine from prints to pixels. 6 The monthly Discovery magazine is available as an pad app and everyone can download it from Apple’s tunes Store for free. Such an app features the same content as the print edition, and it also includes embedded videos, high-resolution images. Those customers of Cathy Pacific can get the newsstands from their tablets and the content of magazine will automatically update each month. The customers are allowed to download the magazine onto their tablet to read in-flight. Conclusion of Technological Environment Analysis of Cathy Pacific Airways: Some of technological factors are beneficial to the development of Cathy Pacific even it costs a large amount of expenditure. Cathy Pacific has made use of the technological factors on such aspects that include communication, weather forecasting, energy use, waste management and promotion. For communication, the information system is flexible and reliable in Cathy Pacific. It is effective to enhance the interaction between the customers and the company. The customers can get the information and check their schedule conveniently. Moreover, Cathy Pacific provides a safe and comfortable trip for each flight. The accuracy of in-flight weather forecasting is keep improving. Cathy Pacific takes environmental and social responsibilities seriously. Limiting the emissions of greenhouse gas, recycling and reprocessing of food waste are its daily tasks. Moreover, it takes part in a Eng-term campaign called Fly Greener to support environmental protection.